南京地区斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体微生物群落结构研究

微生物群落在水产养殖中起着重要作用,深入了解微生物群落组成及其构建机制对了解池塘生态功能具有重要意义。本研究采用高通量测序技术对南京地区斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)养殖池塘水体中细菌群落结构特征进行了分析。结果显示,斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体细菌群落结构呈现出明显的季节性变化,整个年度水体细菌群落呈现出连续的演替特征,冬季与春季、夏季与秋季的细菌群落结构较为相似。优势菌群主要为蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。环境因子中,总溶解性悬浮物(TDS)、水温(Temp)、酸碱度(pH)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2~--N)和总有机碳(TOC)与斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体细菌群落结构有显著相关(P0.05),对细菌群落结构的塑造影响也最大(r~20.6)。     

Energy metabolism and apoptotic effect of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation at different intensities on the rat myocardium and its possible mechanism.METHODS: The rats were radiated by the intensity of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 W/m² with 2 450 MHz microwave for 6 min. The heart tissue was collected 6 h after microwave radiation. ATP and mitochondria complex Ⅳ and Ⅴ were measured. The changes of the tissue structures were observed under transmission electron microscope. The apoptosis of the myocardial cells was detected by a cell analyzer. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: The concentration of ATP and activity of mitochondria complex Ⅳand Ⅴ signi-ficantly decreased compared with control group in the cardiac tissues. The decreased number, morphological abnormalities such as dissolved cavitation, matrix and obvious tumefaction of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. The microwave radiation induced the apoptosis of myocardial cells in the rats. The cell apoptotic rate and the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 increased with increasing intensity of microwave radiation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation has obvious injury effect on the rat heart, which can cause cardiac energy metabolism dysregulation and cardiac myocyte apoptosis.     

Effect of Lysine Supplement on the Digestion and Metabolism of the Rumen in Small-tail Han Sheep

5 male Small-tail Han sheep with the body weight of 45 kg at 1.5 years old,fitted with permanent rumen fistula,to study of the effect of the supplement of the untreated commercial lysine on the rumen microbiocoenosis,rumen metabolism and whole body metabolism by 5×5 Latin square design (5 groups:control,control with low urea (equal nitrogen),low lysine,control with high urea (equal nitrogen),high lysine).The amounts of lysine-HCl supplement were 0,4.0 and 8.0 g/kg diet (as DM basis) in each group respectively,with two urea supplement control groups of equal amount of nitrogen.The results showed that by supplement of 4.0 and 8.0 g/kg of lysine-HCl diet (as DM basis) respectively,the voluntary intake of dry matter of sheep were increased by 5.5%(P>0.05) and 11.8%(P<0.05) respectively.The total amount of rumen bacteria were increased by 18.9%(P<0.01) and 23.9%(P<0.01) respectively,as the amount of rumen Coccus was increased by 21.2%(P<0.01) and 30.1%(P<0.01) respectively.The amount of rumen big Bacillus was decreased by 16.7%(P<0.05) and 33.3%(P<0.01) respectively.The total VFA of was increased by 9.6%(P<0.05) and 12.2%(P<0.01) respectively,as the butyric acid was increased by 12.8%(P>0.05) and 20.2%(P<0.01) respectively.The apparent digestibility of organic matter was increased by 6.4%(P>0.05) and 10.0%(P<0.05) respectively,the apparent digestibility of crude protein was increased by 7.0%(P>0.05) and 18.3%(P<0.01) respectively;And nitrogen retention was increased by 46.4%(P>0.05) and 110.7%(P<0.01) respectively.However,there was no effect of lysine supplement on the amounts of the rumen protozoa and fungi,and the concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen.It was concluded that the supplement of untreated commercial lysine to adult sheep would increase the voluntary intake,digestibility,nitrogen retention the rumen microbiocoenosis and the total amount of rumen bacteria,especially the rumen Coccus of adult sheep.The effect of lysine supplement could not be replaced by urea supplement completely.     

做好农家书屋后续工作的思考

阐述了农家书屋工程的现状和意义,分析了农家书屋持续发展中存在问题,提出做好农家书屋后续工作的思路和举措。     

基于InDel分子标记的云南地方稻籼粳属性与表型性状相关分析

[目的]明确云南地方稻资源的籼粳属性及籼粳基因频率与表型性状间的相关性,为有效利用云南地方稻资源改良水稻品种提供理论依据.[方法]利用39对InDel籼粳特异性标记对来自云南12个地州69个县区的406份云南地方稻资源进行籼粳属性分析,通过计算云南地方稻资源在39个InDel位点上的籼粳基因频率,确定其籼粳类型;并对倒伏性、芒长、颖尖色、谷粒形状、株高、穗颈长、穗长、有效穗数、剑叶长、剑叶宽、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、千粒重、结实率、谷粒长和谷粒宽等18个表型性状进行调查,分析籼粳基因频率与表型性状的相关性.[结果]406份云南地方稻资源中有303份籼型稻(典型籼稻、籼稻和偏籼),占74.63%,其中典型籼稻77份、籼稻214份、偏籼12份;中间型资源11份,占2.71%;粳型稻(典型粳稻、粳稻和偏粳)有92份,占22.66%,其中典型粳稻36份、粳稻54份、偏粳2份.籼粳基因频率与表型性状的相关分析结果表明,粳型基因频率与穗颈长、谷粒宽、芒长、穎尖色、穗长、剑叶长、每穗总粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、谷粒长和谷粒形状等11个表型性状呈极显著相关(P<0.01,下同),其中与谷粒宽(r=0.374)的正相关性最高,与谷粒形状(r=-0.429)的负相关性最高.[结论]云南地方稻资源存在明显的籼粳分化,InDel分子指数法所划分的7种籼粳类型在406份资源中均有出现,且其籼粳属性的分化与多个表型性状存在极显著相关性,尤其与谷粒宽(极显著正相关)和谷粒形状(极显著负相关)的相关性最高.因此,利用云南地方稻资源进行籼、粳稻定向改良及选育时应综合考虑谷粒宽和谷粒形状2个表型性状.     

芷江白蜡虫优势寄生蜂发生规律及综合防治

湖南芷江是我国传统的虫白蜡产区,素有"白蜡之乡"的美誉,但因受病虫害及气候条件等影响,芷江虫白蜡生产上一直未能实现种虫自给自足。本文研究了芷江白蜡虫生产过程中寄生蜂发生规律及综合防治方法,结果表明:芷江白蜡虫种虫生产上受寄生蜂危害严重,寄生率最高达91.3%,平均为56.1%,大量引发白蜡虫种虫绝收,寄生蜂危害是导致芷江长期不能规模化培育白蜡虫种虫的最直接原因。跳小蜂科的白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂、白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂、中华花翅跳小蜂是白蜡虫优势寄生蜂,种群数量占寄生蜂混合种群数量的90%以上。7月至10月是寄生蜂危害高峰期。寄生蜂的优势种类结构及发生规律与云南昆明等白蜡虫种虫传统产区相比有明显差异,建议抓住优势种群危害高峰期,开展白蜡虫寄生蜂的综合控制。     

不同蔟具及蔟中环境对彩色茧品种秋丰×黄3茧丝质量的影响

通过不同蔟具及蔟中环境对彩色茧品种秋丰×黄3茧丝质影响的分析,我们得出：在自然通风或封闭环境中,用方格蔟上蔟蚕茧的一茧丝长、解舒长、解舒率、净度和清洁度要比用蜈蚣蔟好,其中解舒率分别提高了6.6%、5%;用方格蔟或蜈蚣蔟上蔟,在自然通风的蔟中环境下所得到的蚕茧茧丝质量比在封闭环境下高,解舒率更是分别提高了11.4%、9...     

单胃动物脂肪营养研究进展

Fat is an essential element for animal.The paper reviewed recent research progress on fat nutrition in monogastric animal at home and abroad, combining with the fat digestion and absorbing form in animal body, and summarized biological function and application of fat in production, so as to provide theoretical basis for better utilization of fat in animal production and exploration its mechanism of action.     

基于粗糙集的林木冠层结构和光分布对净光合速率影响研究

以广东省东莞市大岭山森林公园33个乡土树种为研究对象,使用半球面影像技术和Li-6400光合仪分别获取林木冠层结构、光分布和光合作用指标,用方差分析和粗糙集理论进行评价。结果表明,林冠开度、叶面积指数、林下直射光、林下散射光、透光率和净光合速率均在各树种间存在极显著差异(p<0.0001),各指标在树种间的变化幅度也各不相同,其中林冠开度、林下直射光、林下散射光和透光率的变化幅度均超过了20%,分别为29.95%、20.40%、23.77%和22.56%,而叶面积指数和净光合速率的变化幅度分别为3.24和7.80。林冠结构和光分布均对林木净光合速率有重要贡献,但其影响程度不同。其中林冠开度最大,重要值为1/11,其余几项指标对光合作用的重要性相同,为2/33,略小于林冠开度的重要性。在评价林木冠层结构和光分布对净光合速率的综合影响力中,林冠开度贡献的权重最大,为0.27,林下直射光、林下散射光和透光率贡献的权重均为0.18。冠层结构和光分布对林木净光合速率的综合影响力在一定程度可指示冠层结构和光分布的合理性,与林木净光合速率大小不存在线性正相关关系,它只表明冠层结构和光分布对林木净光合速率的影响程度。     

论蔬菜农药残留中“人”的作用

着重从生产者的角度出发,综述了我国农药使用及蔬菜农药残留状况,总结了农药残留的规律;探讨了生产者在农药残留中的重要作用和现象发生的原因;从人的根本上提出了解决问题的方法。